Abstract. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease primarily characterized by synovitis which is accompanied by extra-articular organ involvement, such as interstitial pneumonia, in addition to clinical symptoms including pain, swelling, stiffness of multiple joints, fever, and malaise.

Considering this, What causes rheumatoid arthritis articles? Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory, systemic autoimmune disease, affecting the joints with varying severity among patients. The risk factors include age, gender, genetics, and environmental exposure (cigarette smoking, air pollutants, and occupational).

What is the epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis? Studies of the descriptive epidemiology of RA indicate a population prevalence of 0.5% to 1% and a highly variable annual incidence (12-1200 per 100,000 population) depending on gender, race/ethnicity, and calendar year.

Furthermore, What are the risk factors for developing rheumatoid arthritis? What are the risk factors for RA?

  • Age. RA can begin at any age, but the likelihood increases with age. …
  • Sex. New cases of RA are typically two-to-three times higher in women than men.
  • Genetics/inherited traits. …
  • Smoking. …
  • History of live births. …
  • Early Life Exposures. …
  • Obesity.

Is the epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis changing?

The overall age-standardised incidence rates of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been increasing globally since 1990. A decline in the incidence of rheumatoid factor positive RA has been reported in a European population in 1980–2000.

Which demographic is primarily affected by rheumatoid arthritis? Rates of rheumatoid arthritis are slightly higher for women (2.3%) than men (1.5%) Rheumatoid arthritis is most common in people aged 75 years or over.

What are the complications of rheumatoid arthritis? Rheumatoid arthritis increases your risk of developing:

  • Osteoporosis. …
  • Rheumatoid nodules. …
  • Dry eyes and mouth. …
  • Infections. …
  • Abnormal body composition. …
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome. …
  • Heart problems. …
  • Lung disease.

What are usually the first signs of rheumatoid arthritis? The early warning signs of RA include:

  • Fatigue. Before experiencing any other symptoms, a person with RA may feel extremely tired and lack energy. …
  • Slight fever. Inflammation associated with RA may cause people to feel unwell and feverish. …
  • Weight loss. …
  • Stiffness. …
  • Joint tenderness. …
  • Joint pain. …
  • Joint swelling. …
  • Joint redness.

What are the genetic factors of rheumatoid arthritis?

The most significant genetic risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis are variations in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes , especially the HLA-DRB1 gene. The proteins produced from HLA genes help the immune system distinguish the body’s own proteins from proteins made by foreign invaders (such as viruses and bacteria).

What are 3 symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis? Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include:

  • Pain, swelling, stiffness and tenderness in more than one joint.
  • Stiffness, especially in the morning or after sitting for long periods.
  • Pain and stiffness in the same joints on both sides of your body.
  • Fatigue (extreme tiredness).
  • Weakness.
  • Fever.

Why is rheumatoid arthritis increasing?

Recent research found that arthritis prevalence increased with age, body mass index, physical inactivity, and worsening physical and mental health.

What epidemiology means? By definition, epidemiology is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country, global).

What age is RA diagnosed?

You can get rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at any age, but it’s most likely to show up between ages 30 and 50. When it starts between ages 60 and 65, it’s called elderly-onset RA or late-onset RA. Elderly-onset RA is different from RA that starts in earlier years.

What are the five signs of rheumatoid arthritis?

5 Common Rheumatoid Arthritis Symptoms to Watch Out For

  • Chronic Fatigue. Fatigue from RA goes beyond simple tiredness or sleepiness. …
  • Pain or Stiffness in the Morning. …
  • More Than One Joint is Affected. …
  • There are Issues With Your Eyes, Mouth, or Skin. …
  • Pain Moves From Smaller Joints to Larger Ones.

What are the four stages of rheumatoid arthritis? The 4 Stages of Rheumatoid Arthritis Progression

  • Stage 1: Early RA. …
  • Stage 2: Antibodies Develop and Swelling Worsens. …
  • Stage 3: Symptoms Are Visible. …
  • Stage 4: Joints Become Fused. …
  • How to Know if Your RA Is Progressing. …
  • What Makes RA Get Worse? …
  • How Your RA Treatment Plan Prevents Disease Progression.

What are the early warning signs of rheumatoid arthritis? The early warning signs of RA include:

  • Fatigue. Before experiencing any other symptoms, a person with RA may feel extremely tired and lack energy. …
  • Slight fever. Inflammation associated with RA may cause people to feel unwell and feverish. …
  • Weight loss. …
  • Stiffness. …
  • Joint tenderness. …
  • Joint pain. …
  • Joint swelling. …
  • Joint redness.

Where does rheumatoid arthritis usually start?

Early rheumatoid arthritis tends to affect your smaller joints first — particularly the joints that attach your fingers to your hands and your toes to your feet. As the disease progresses, symptoms often spread to the wrists, knees, ankles, elbows, hips and shoulders.

Is rheumatoid arthritis dominant or recessive? A pedigree analysis programme, PAP, was used for both analyses. Our investigation suggests that familial RA is the effect, in part, of an inherited autosomal dominant susceptibility gene with incomplete penetrance rather than that of a recessive gene.

What parts of the body are affected by rheumatoid arthritis?

RA affects joints on both sides of the body, such as both hands, both wrists, or both knees. This symmetry helps to set it apart from other types of arthritis. Over time, RA can affect other body parts and systems, from your eyes to your heart, lungs, skin, blood vessels, and more.

Where does rheumatoid arthritis usually start? It starts when your immune system, which is supposed to protect you, goes awry and begins to attack your body’s own tissues. It causes inflammation in the lining of your joints (the synovium). As a result, your joints may get red, warm, swollen, and painful.


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